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Paros has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age, a fact proved by the Late Neolithic (early 4th millennium BC) settlement that came to light on the tiny islet of Saliagos between Paros and Antiparos. During the Early Cycladic period (3200-2700 BC) it developed an important civilisation, traces of which are evident in the settlements and cemeteries found in both Paros and Antiparos. The domination of the Minoan civilisation throughout the Aegean in the Middle and Late Cycladic periods did not affect Paros's development. Thanks to its natural harbours and strategic position, it was used as a major maritime station by the Cretans who controlled trade and communication between Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians and peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. Paros's importance is reflected in the name it was given at that time: Minoa.
Paros was later settled by Ionians who fled from the mainland, chased by the Dorians (1100 BC). In the beginning of the first millennium BC, a group of chased Arcadians led by Paros, son of Parrasios, arrived on the island. It is to the leader of this group that Paros owes its present name. In the course of time, intermingling of the few Arcadians with the Ionians produced an intelligent and enterprising race of people who promoted not just agriculture but trade as well (mainly by providing Phoenicians with marble), amassed great wealth on the island and made Paros a big maritime power that dominated the northern Aegean for about two centuries (7th-8th BC). In that time Paros expanded in faraway lands, founding colonies in Thassos (7th century), the Hellespont (Dardanelles) and the region of the Adriatic Sea. It was during the time of the island's height of prosperity, in the 7th century, that the greatest iambic poet of antiquity, Archilochus, lived and worked here. He is considered to be the father of the classical comedy playwrights, an inspired poet with sarcastic spirit who was honoured as a god by his fellow-countrymen. A sanctuary devoted to him has been found near Parikia. In the 6th century BC the centre of Cycladic life shifts to Naxos, and Paros falls gradually into decline. In the Persian Wars (490-479 BC) the Parians fought on the Persian side and were eventually defeated. The Athenian fleet, then, led by Themistocles, subjugated the island and turned it into their ally. During classical times, and later as well, Paros's life and economy revolves around its marble quarries.
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